MAGIC OF TANZANITE

What is a Diamond?

Diamond is a rare, naturally occurring mineral composed of carbon.Each carbon atom in a diamond surrounded by four other atoms and connected to them by strong covalent bonds- the strongest type of chemical bond.This simple, uniform,tightly-bonded arrangement yields one of the most durable and versatile substances known.

Diamond is the hardest known natural substance. It is also chemical resistance and has the highest thermal conductivity of any natural material.These properties make it suitable for use of cutting tool and for other uses where durability is required. Diamond special has optical properties such as high index of refraction,high dispersion, and high luster.These properties help make diamond the most popular gemstone and enable to be used in specialty lenses where durability and performance are required.

How do Diamond Form?

Most of the diamond that have been discovered were delivered to earth's surface by deep-source volcanic eruptions. These eruption begin in the mantle, and on their way up tear out pieces of mantle rock and deliver them to earth's surface without melting. These blocks from the mantle are known as Xenoliths. They contain diamonds that were formed at the high temperature and pressure condition of the mantle. 

People produce diamonds by mining the rock that contains the xenoliths or by mining the soils and sediments that formed as the diamond bearing rocks weathered away. 

Category	Native minerals
Formula (repeating unit)	C
Strunz classification	1.CB.10a
Dana classification	1.3.6.1
Crystal system	Cubic
Crystal class	Hexoctahedral (m3m)                        H-M symbol: (4/m 3 2/m)
Space group	Fd3m (No. 227)
Structure
Jmol (3D)	Interactive image
Identification
Formula mass	12.01 g/mol
Color	Typically yellow, brown, or gray to         colorless. Less often blue, green,            black, translucent white, pink,                violet, orange, purple, and red.
Crystal habit	Octahedral
Twinning	Spinel law common (yielding"macle")
Cleavage	111 (perfect in four directions)
Fracture	Irregular/Uneven
Mohs scale hardness	10 (defining mineral)
Luster	Adamantine
Streak	Colorless
Diaphaneity	Transparent to subtransparent           to translucent
Specific gravity	3.52±0.01
Density	3.5–3.53 g/cm3
Polish luster	Adamantine
Optical properties	Isotropic
Refractive index	2.418 (at500 nm)
Birefringence	None
Pleochroism	None
Dispersion	0.044
Melting point	Pressure dependent
References	[1[2]